From Opioids to Cannabis: Global Substance Trends

Unveiling global trends in opioids, alcohol, cannabis, and synthetic drugs.

Author

Philip Saparov
January 10, 2025

In partnership with

Greetings, thoughtful seeker of global insights!

Substance use is a deeply human issue, one that touches lives in ways both subtle and profound. Whether it’s the devastating toll of the opioid crisis, the cultural shifts around cannabis, or the rise of synthetic drugs, these trends shape the world we live in—and the choices we make within it.

This week, let’s unravel the stories behind these trends and look at the facts, the context, and the connections to your everyday world.

Let’s dive in!

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Opioids have become a modern-day plague, leaving heartbreak in their wake. In 2022, the U.S. saw over 100,000 opioid-related deaths—numbers that feel too staggering to grasp until you realize the personal stories behind them.

Scotland, with the highest drug-related death rate in Europe, offers a grim parallel. Countries worldwide are scrambling to address this, from safe injection sites in Canada to Narcan being made widely available in the U.S. Meanwhile, in parts of Asia, synthetic opioids like fentanyl are quietly gaining ground, often overshadowed by larger crises.

And yet, there’s hope. Grassroots efforts and harm-reduction programs are saving lives, one step at a time.

Fascinating Fact: Fentanyl was originally developed as a cancer pain treatment. Today, its illicit use makes it 50 times deadlier than heroin.

For centuries, alcohol has been woven into the fabric of human culture. From toasts at weddings to casual Friday happy hours, it’s everywhere. But it’s also responsible for over 3 million deaths annually, according to the WHO.

Russia has seen a remarkable decline in alcohol consumption, with policies that include hefty taxes and advertising bans. Yet, in countries like South Korea, binge drinking culture remains a challenge, leading to rising health concerns despite societal norms around moderation.

Closer to home, the financial cost of alcohol abuse in the U.S.—a staggering $250 billion annually—reminds us that this cultural staple has its price.

Did you know? Beer accounts for nearly 45% of the global alcohol market, making it the drink of choice for many.

Smoking may be falling out of favor, but tobacco is still a formidable foe. Countries like Australia lead the charge, with smoking rates dropping to just 11% thanks to aggressive campaigns and high taxes. Meanwhile, New Zealand is pushing for a bold “smoke-free generation” by banning tobacco sales to anyone born after 2008.

But it’s not the same story everywhere. In Indonesia, where over 60% of adult men smoke, tobacco companies continue to thrive by targeting younger audiences. The global tobacco industry may be shrinking, but it still generates $850 billion annually.

Insight: If China’s smokers formed their own country, they’d be the third most populous in the world.

Cannabis legalization is rewriting the rulebook for economies and societies. Canada’s legal market has created over 150,000 jobs, while U.S. states like Colorado and California are reaping billions in tax revenue.

In Asia, Thailand’s decision to legalize medical cannabis marks a cautious shift. Israel, on the other hand, is leading the charge in cannabis research, exploring treatments for chronic pain and PTSD. While cannabis remains controversial, its potential to reshape industries and medicine is undeniable.

Prediction: Legal cannabis sales could eclipse global craft beer sales by 2030, proving it’s more than just a trend.

Despite decades of crackdowns, cocaine remains a booming business. Colombia, Peru, and Bolivia produce nearly 90% of the global supply, and demand is only growing. Europe is now the largest market, with ports like Antwerp and Rotterdam becoming trafficking hotspots.

Efforts to curb the trade include alternative crop programs in Colombia and enhanced border security in the EU. But with record-high purity levels, cocaine is more addictive—and dangerous—than ever.

Fascinating Fact: Cocaine use is up 25% globally over the last decade, with emerging markets in Asia and Africa driving the surge.

Prescription drug misuse doesn’t grab headlines like opioids or meth, but its impact is just as devastating. In the U.S., millions misuse medications like Adderall and Xanax each year. In India, a mix of overprescription and counterfeit drugs adds complexity to the issue.

Japan is seeing a rise in dependency on sleeping pills, especially among its aging population. Tackling this issue requires a delicate balance between ensuring access for those who need it and preventing misuse.

Did you know? The global market for anti-anxiety medications exceeds $6 billion annually, reflecting the scale of both need and misuse.

Synthetic drugs like fentanyl and methamphetamine are reshaping the global drug trade. These substances are easier to produce, highly potent, and cheap, making them a trafficker’s dream—and a community’s nightmare.

In North America, fentanyl is now the leading cause of overdose deaths. Meanwhile, Southeast Asia is grappling with record methamphetamine seizures, pointing to a regional epidemic. Tackling these challenges requires international collaboration and innovative solutions.

Shocking Stat: In 2023, Southeast Asia saw over 800 million methamphetamine pills seized—enough for every person in the U.S. to have more than two.

Understanding substance use is about more than statistics. It’s about the lives affected, the cultures shaped, and the futures we can influence. By staying informed, we can be part of the solution—whether through advocacy, awareness, or action.

Warm regards,

Shane Fulmer