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The Global Rush to Build Entire Cities From Scratch
How nations are using new cities to shape power, policy, and profit.
Philip Saparov
December 16, 2025
In partnership with
Greetings, builder of bold ideas,
What if the most important cities of the future… don’t exist yet?
Across the globe, nations are sketching skylines from scratch—pouring billions into brand-new capitals, tech hubs, and green metropolises. These aren't pipe dreams. They're power plays.
Why start from zero? Who’s leading the charge? And what might these new cities mean for your future—where you live, invest, or explore?
Let’s dive into seven radical experiments in nation-building.
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A bold experiment in green urbanism—paused but not forgotten.
When Andhra Pradesh was split in two in 2014, the new state needed a new capital. Enter Amaravati, a city envisioned as a symbol of modern India—sustainable, tech-savvy, and inclusive. Masterplanned with input from global design firms, Amaravati was to include 51% green space, 60% renewable energy, and a fiber-optic backbone connecting every home.
The project attracted attention for its ambition, international investors (including from Singapore), and its attempt to build governance infrastructure from scratch. However, after a change in political leadership in 2019, major construction was halted, and plans were scaled back.
Still, Amaravati remains a case study in how cities reflect political will—and how urban futures can rise or fall based on shifting priorities.
Little-known fact: Amaravati was planned with 27 townships, each designed to be a walkable 5-minute city—well before the “15-minute city” trend took hold globally.
Jakarta is sinking—literally. Indonesia is starting over.
Jakarta, the current capital of Indonesia, is among the fastest-sinking cities in the world. Congested, polluted, and overpopulated, it’s prompting the Indonesian government to move its capital 2,000 kilometers away to a pristine jungle region on Borneo.
The new capital, Nusantara, is designed as a sustainable, smart forest city with a target population of 1.9 million by 2045. While critics raise concerns over displacement and deforestation, the $32 billion project is central to Indonesia’s long-term development plans—and a symbol of national unity across its many islands.
Did you know? Jakarta is sinking by up to 10 inches per year, faster than any major city on Earth.
A new heart for an ancient nation.
Just east of Cairo, Egypt is building an entirely new capital to ease congestion in its 22-million-strong mega-city. With a budget of $58 billion, the New Administrative Capital is being designed as a clean, green, high-tech alternative to chaotic Cairo.
It features the tallest skyscraper in Africa, a presidential palace larger than the White House, and the largest mosque and cathedral in the region. But critics say it’s more about political symbolism and control than public service.
Intriguing stat: Cairo loses an estimated 4% of its GDP annually to traffic congestion—one reason this new city was deemed essential.
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A cautionary tale in real estate-driven futurism.
Launched in 2006 with bold promises of AI-powered homes and green living, Forest City in Malaysia was billed as a futuristic paradise for wealthy Chinese buyers. But by 2023, it had gained a different label: ghost town.
Only a fraction of the projected 700,000 residents ever moved in. Many homes are empty. The project has been mired in controversy, including environmental damage, local displacement, and geopolitical unease over China’s involvement.
Still, the city lives on—under renovation, rebranding, and scrutiny.
Little-known twist: In 2023, the Malaysian government announced plans to repurpose Forest City as a Special Financial Zone to attract international business.
Data-driven living meets urban precision.
Songdo, built on reclaimed land near Incheon, South Korea, might be the most successful planned smart city in the world. Designed from scratch in the early 2000s, it integrates sensors, fiber-optic data systems, underground waste disposal, and advanced public transit.
While initially criticized for its lack of “soul,” Songdo is maturing. It's now home to multinational firms, universities, and a growing resident base drawn by its safety, cleanliness, and tech-first design.
Cool fact: 40% of Songdo is dedicated to green space—including a park inspired by New York’s Central Park.
Africa’s urban future is being drawn in silicon.
Several African nations are betting on tech-first cities to leapfrog traditional development models. 🇰🇪 Konza Technopolis in Kenya aims to become “Africa’s Silicon Savannah,” a hub for innovation, education, and biotech. Meanwhile, 🇳🇬 Eko Atlantic is rising from the sea, quite literally—a land reclamation project off the Lagos coast.
These cities promise jobs, data centers, and digital independence. But critics warn that poor transparency and inequality could deepen existing divides.
What’s striking: Konza’s data center is designed to be the largest in East Africa, potentially making Kenya a regional cloud services leader.
Some cities aren't just about development—they're about influence.
🇨🇳 China has become a global exporter of “city-in-a-box” infrastructure projects, often tied to its Belt and Road Initiative. From 🇵🇰 Gwadar to 🇱🇰 Port City Colombo, these developments mix urban planning with geopolitical strategy—offering loans, construction crews, and design templates, often with strings attached.
🇺🇸 The U.S., meanwhile, is upping its own urban diplomacy with support for smart city initiatives across India, Eastern Europe, and beyond.
Sharp insight: By 2040, over 65% of the world’s population is projected to live in urban areas—turning cities into the next battlegrounds for soft power.
The future isn’t being found—it’s being built.
These new cities aren’t just concrete and ambition. They’re signals. Clues. Real-time experiments in how we’ll live, govern, and grow.
Some will soar. Others may stall. But each offers insight—for anyone thinking about where to go, what to invest in, or how to navigate a shifting world.
Keep your eyes on the skyline. The next big move might not be behind you—it might be breaking ground.
Warm regards,
Shane Fulmer
Founder, WorldPopulationReview.com
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