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What Falling Lifespans Reveal About the World
What lifespan declines reveal about health, policy, and global risk.
Philip Saparov
December 19, 2025
In partnership with
Greetings, curious mind in search of clarity,
For generations, life expectancy only moved in one direction: up. But now, in places you’d least expect, it’s dropping—and fast.
Why? War, addiction, disease, collapse… or something deeper?
In this edition, we spotlight the sharpest declines in life expectancy around the globe. What’s behind them—and what they reveal about a world under strain.
Let’s dig into the data behind this quiet but urgent unraveling.
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In a stunning reversal for a high-income nation, the United States has seen its life expectancy fall for three consecutive years—something not witnessed in over a century.
From a peak of 78.9 years in 2014, U.S. life expectancy has dipped to around 76.4 years as of 2023. While COVID-19 played a role, deeper forces are at work: a sharp rise in opioid overdoses, suicide rates, and chronic diseases tied to obesity and inequality.
Unlike many peer nations, the U.S. struggles with fragmented healthcare access and massive disparities by race, region, and income. And younger adults are being hit hard: mortality among 25- to 44-year-olds is pulling national averages down.
🔍 Striking fact: The U.S. spends more on healthcare per capita than any other country, yet its life expectancy now ranks 40th globally, behind countries like 🇨🇱 Chile and 🇸🇮 Slovenia.
Russia has long battled volatile swings in life expectancy, but the recent decline is historic. Following a peak of 73.3 years in 2019, it plummeted to 68.2 years by 2021, largely driven by COVID-19, but also rooted in longer-term crises.
Alcohol-related deaths, underfunded healthcare, and the lingering effects of economic instability all play roles. Add wartime mobilization, sanctions, and a brain drain of young professionals—and Russia’s demographic future looks precarious.
👨⚕️ Male life expectancy remains a glaring issue: the gender gap is over 10 years, among the largest in the world.
🔍 Unexpected data point: In some rural Russian regions, male life expectancy has fallen below 60 years—lower than in many low-income countries.
South Africa once suffered one of the steepest modern drops in life expectancy due to HIV/AIDS. Though major progress followed, new threats are slowing the recovery.
From a low of 53 years in the early 2000s, life expectancy rebounded to 65 years by 2019, only to dip again to 62.8 years in 2023. The reasons? COVID-19, tuberculosis, persistent inequality, and youth violence.
🚑 Healthcare in rural regions remains overstretched, and maternal mortality remains high.
🔍 Sobering insight: 🇿🇦 South Africa still has the highest number of people living with HIV in the world—over 7.8 million.
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Few forces cut life expectancy faster than war. In Syria and Yemen, years of conflict have devastated healthcare, nutrition, and safety—reversing decades of progress.
🇸🇾 Syria’s life expectancy fell from 70.5 years (2010) to 61.8 years (2022).
🇾🇪 Yemen plunged from 65.5 years to around 59 years, worsened by famine, cholera, and the collapse of public systems.
🚨 Millions now lack access to even basic care, and medical personnel have fled en masse.
🔍 Historic reversal: Yemen’s current life expectancy is lower than it was in 1980, erasing 40+ years of progress in under a decade.
Often overlooked, Papua New Guinea is in a silent crisis. Life expectancy fell from 65.5 years (2019) to 63.1 (2023) due to high infant and maternal mortality, malnutrition, and limited healthcare access.
🌿 With over 80% of people in rural areas, most lack access to doctors or clean water. Non-communicable diseases like diabetes are also rising.
🔍 Stark fact: In some areas, 1 in 20 women die from childbirth-related complications—among the worst rates outside active war zones.
In parts of Appalachia and the Midwest, life expectancy is collapsing—highlighting the deeper social dimensions of health.
In West Virginia, eastern Kentucky, and parts of Ohio, male life expectancy has dropped to under 70 years, with some counties reporting low 60s.
📉 This “deaths of despair” epidemic—driven by opioids, poverty, and disconnection—has global implications: it’s not just disease, but despair that kills.
🔍 Eye-opening parallel: These American counties now have lower life expectancy than Bangladesh 🇧🇩 and Nepal 🇳🇵.
COVID-19 hit Latin America with devastating force. In Peru, life expectancy dropped from 76.5 years to 69.5 in two years—the world’s steepest pandemic-era fall.
🇧🇷 Brazil and 🇲🇽 Mexico saw similar impacts. Vaccine access improved outcomes, but full recovery is elusive—especially for indigenous and lower-income communities.
The pandemic exposed deep inequality and weak healthcare infrastructure across the region—vulnerabilities that remain unresolved.
🔍 Unheard fact: Peru’s six-year drop in life expectancy (2019–2021) was the largest anywhere since World War II.
Life expectancy is a warning light.
When it rises, we barely notice. But when it falls, it reveals deep fractures: in healthcare, in policy, in the fabric of a society itself.
These declines are signals—of instability and the risks ahead. If you’re thinking about where to live, invest, or retire, these trends matter more than ever.
Stay sharp. Stay curious. And keep seeing the world through the lens of data.
Warm regards,
Shane Fulmer
Founder, WorldPopulationReview.com
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